In most trade agreements, member countries have to introduce some goods as sensitive goods which are not under general rule of agreement such as decrease or elimination of tariff and no tariff barriers. This paper introduces a proposed approach to determine sensitive goods of Iran in regional trade agreement according to Harmonized System (HS).

The Iran-Turkey trade agreement in 2015 has widely been under discussion. However, its statistical outcomes are less investigated. This study aims to evaluate the impact of this trade policy on legal and illegal trade between the two countries. We use product-level trade data, from 2011 to 2017. We incorporate the difference-in-difference methodology and control for product-country fixed effects at 6 digits of HS codes. Results indicate that the policy has raised the market shares of preferential Turkish products in Iran. The rise is 10% compared to non-preferential Turkish goods and 35% compared to the same goods exported from other countries. Furthermore, we do not find any robust evidence on the reduction of smuggling, in contrast to what was expected from this agreement. Finally, we use a logit model to analyze factors which may explain the policymakers’ choice of preferred goods. Results indicate that the odds ratio of being chosen as a preferred product increases, respectively, by 170% and 200 %, if the size of legal and illegal trade increases by 1%. Trade volume is considered as a proxy for terms of trade.

In the last two decades, modern international investment law has been attacked a lot for its tow source including investment treaties and judicial procedure arising from treaties. Attacks that have sometimes challenged the nature of the International Investment Law regime. At the same time, from the last decade until now, due to the growing correlation between trade and investment in 21st century and the need for correlational regulations, the trend towards concluding "mega-regional trade agreements" in order to establish an integrated system of international trade and investment regulations has increased significantly. The present study, while briefly examining the fundamentals of governments' tendency to create macro-examples of regional trade agreements as well as the challenges that these agreements will face in achieving this correlation in the field of investment regulation, by analyzing the provisions of the macro agreements, it outlines the potential implications of these agreements in order to solving challenges in the field of international investment law. The present study believes that regional mega-regional trade agreements are not only able to address the challenges posed by providing balanced examples of investment treaties, rather, the creation of these agreements with balanced regulations and macro-structural features can provide the context for a stabilizing transformation in the various resources of the international investment law regime.

Economic Cooperation Organization (ECG), based on regional and multicultural cooperation, has focused on the improvement of living standards, and economic development of member states. Since February 1992, ECO has increased to ten after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Gas and oil are crucially important factors in this regard. ECO has followed its two major plans in the context of "Action Plan" and "Istanbul Declaration". Each of these documents has been an indication of overall goals of this organization since 2005. One of the most important goals of ECO members has been acceleration of economic growth by expanding regional trade. The main question of this paper is: "Has ECO been able to expand regional trade among member states?" The hypothesis of this paper is: ECO has failed to reach this goal. Proving this hypothesis makes the revision of ECO activities a necessary step.

Introduction: Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a plurilateral agreement among industrialized countries including USA. Top industrialized countries and in particular USA always tried to have complete control over World Trade Organization (WTO). Although they had many success for their purpose, they are not convinced about the WTO functions and they can not tolerate critiques of their opponents in WTO, so they were looking for a way to bypass the WTO. In 2006 Japan and USA prepared an initial proposal and tried confidentially to attract other industrialized counties into their agreement. Under the cover of fighting good counterfeit, this agreement aimed to legally enforce the intellectual property rights and total control over Internet communications.They aimed for new standards and system of laws independent of existing international organizations and countries to establish a new governing body outside of the body of existing countries. All these efforts were to forcibly implement the intellectual property right and copyright law by implementing total control on the Internet as the main media for copyright infringement.This article has been written to shed some light on the issue and disclosing the hidden parts of this agreement.

This study investigated trade integration and the role of Iran in ECO and D8 trade agreements in this study. The regional trade integration index and centrality indices for ECO and D8 agreements were measured by using the data of 150 countries during 1980-2019 and complex networks approach. The results from regional trade integration index revealed that trade relations of these two agreements’ members with each other, was very lower than their trade relations with other countries out of the agreements. Also, the findings from Iranian’s regional trade integration index in ECO and D8 agreements showed that trade relations of Iran with the members of these two agreements was very lower than trade relations with other countries. Therefore, ECO and D8 agreements have not had considerable impact on developing trade relations of Iran with other members of the afore mentioned agreements. strength centrality index indicated that bilateral trade of the country with the members of ECO and D8 has decreased during the years of study. Also, eigenvector centrality index for the members of ECO and D8 was relatively low in 1980, 1990 and 2000 and it was improved in 2010 and 2019. Density index for ECO and D8 show that the trade relations between their members have insufficient integration.

This article surveys the effects of the Agreement on the Trade Preferential System among Islamic Countries (TPS/OIC) on Iran's trade flows and tariff income. The analysis has been performed in the framework of a partial equilibrium model under the tariff reduction scenarios. The results indicate that while this agreement would have some effects on OIC member's trade creation and diversion and would enhance Iran's exports and imports, it would widen Iran's non-oil trade deficit with other members due to Iran's higher tariffs. It would also reduce Iran's revenue despite higher imports.